Knowledge · Printing

Printing 101 — The Basics, Explained Simply

Print has its own language. CMYK, bleed, DPI, saddle stitch — words that can make a simple job feel complicated. This guide explains the essentials in plain terms, so your next print project goes smoothly from file to finished piece.

A printed CMYK control strip showing graduated cyan, magenta, yellow and black patches, with a printer’s loupe resting on the sheet

Three Ways to Describe Color

A press control strip: every job is checked against these patches before the run begins.

CMYK

Four inks: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Mixed together in tiny dots, they create almost every color you see in magazines, catalogs, and packaging. This is the standard for printing.

RGB

Red, green, and blue light. This is how screens show color. A file made in RGB must be converted to CMYK before printing — and some bright screen colors simply cannot be matched by ink. That is why a print sometimes looks different from your monitor.

Pantone

Pre-mixed inks with exact recipes. When a brand color must look identical on every business card, sign, and box, Pantone is the answer.

Common Printing Methods

Illustration of an offset printing press

Offset printing

The workhorse for large quantities. Excellent color accuracy, and the cost per piece drops as the quantity grows.

Illustration of a digital production printer

Digital printing

No plates, no long setup. Ideal for short runs, fast turnarounds, and jobs where every copy can be different. This is the heart of on-demand printing.

Flexography

Widely used for packaging and labels, printing vibrant, durable color on many materials.

UV printing

Ink cured instantly by ultraviolet light. It prints vivid, durable color even on difficult surfaces like plastic.

Screen printing

Bold, uniform color on textiles, posters, and promotional items.

Letterpress

The oldest craft of them all: type pressed into the paper, leaving a subtle impression you can feel. Chosen for high-end invitations and bespoke stationery.

Risograph

A cross between digital printing and screen printing, using soy-based inks. A limited but vivid color palette gives posters, flyers, and zines a distinctive vintage character — and it is one of the more eco-friendly options.

Thermal printing

Heat, not ink. A print head warms heat-sensitive paper to form the image — the method behind receipts and barcode labels, valued for speed in high-volume work.

Two Kinds of Image Files

Raster (pixels)

Photographs are raster images: grids of colored pixels. For print, they need 300 DPI at final size. Enlarge them too much and they turn blurry — pixels cannot be invented.

Vector (math)

Logos and line art drawn as mathematical shapes. They scale to any size — a name card or a building banner — with no loss of sharpness. Your logo should always exist as a vector file.

For final delivery, a press-quality PDF with crop marks and bleed is the safest format.

Bleed and Crop Marks — Why the Edges Matter

Paper is printed larger than the final size, then trimmed. Bleed means extending your background 3 mm (1/8 inch) past the trim line, so a tiny shift in cutting never leaves a white sliver at the edge. Crop marks are the small lines that tell the cutter exactly where to trim. Together, they make clean edges possible.

FINAL SIZE (after trim) bleed — 3 mm (1/8”) dashed line = trim line  ·  corner lines = crop marks

Three Words You May Hear at the Press

Overprint

One color printed on top of another. Used deliberately for subtle effects, or to keep small black text crisp over a colored background.

Knockout

The opposite: the background color is removed underneath a shape or text, so inks never mix. This keeps logos and colors clean and true.

Signature

Not a person's name. In printing, a signature is a set of pages printed together on one large sheet, then folded and bound. It is why page counts for books often work best in multiples of 4, 8, or 16.

A stack of finished manuals and booklets on a workbench, saddle-stitched and perfect-bound, with a digital press behind them

Binding — Holding the Pages Together

Saddle-stitched booklets and perfect-bound manuals, finished and stacked.

Saddle stitch

Folded sheets stapled at the spine. Economical, best for booklets and brochures.

Perfect binding

Pages glued into a spine, like a paperback. A professional look for catalogs and books.

Spiral binding

A coil through punched holes. Lies completely flat — ideal for manuals and calendars.

Hardcover (case bound)

Pages sewn or glued into a rigid cover, for premium books.

A Simple Pre-Press Checklist

Printing in Thailand — the Words You’ll Actually Hear

The English terms above all have Thai counterparts on the shop floor. A few of them do not translate the way you would expect — and knowing them saves a long conversation.

แกรมgram
GSM — paper weight. A Thai shop says “130 แกรม”, never “gsm”.
กระดาษปอนด์kradat pond
Bond paper — uncoated stock. Literally “pound paper” — nothing to do with weight in pounds.
อาร์ตมัน / อาร์ตด้านart man / art dan
Coated art paper, gloss or matte. The finish is named, not the paper.
ตัดตกtat tok
Bleed — the ink that falls away when the sheet is trimmed. Literally “cut-fall”.
ปรู๊ฟproof
Proof. Borrowed straight from English.
ไดคัทdie-cut
Die-cut. Also borrowed — and used as a verb too.
สปอตยูวีspot U-V
Spot UV. English letters, Thai pronunciation.
เย็บมุงหลังคาyep mung langkha
Saddle stitch — folded sheets stapled at the spine. Literally “roof-thatching stitch”.
ไสกาวsai kao
Perfect binding — the spine edge is shaved flat, then glued. Literally “shave and glue”.
เข้าเล่มสันห่วง / กระดูกงูkhao lem san huang / kraduk ngu
Spiral and comb binding. กระดูกงู — literally “snake bone”.

Say ตัดตก to a Bangkok printer and your file is understood at once. Say “bleed” and you may get a pause.

Every print job at Crestec Thailand passes through this same care.

File check, color check, proof, then press. If you are unsure whether your files are print-ready, send them to us.
Checking is free; reprinting is not.

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